Allergenic Milk Proteins. Friend or Foe Nutritional Proteins?
نویسندگان
چکیده
Allergies are complex inflammatory diseases with a not fully understood etiology. Several factors, including genetic, environmental, age of exposition, diet, etc., are associated with the induction of these diseases. The incidence of allergies has increased during the last decades and constitutes the most common immune-based disease worldwide. According to the hygiene hypothesis, a lower exposure to pathogens and commensal microbes that reside in the intestinal lumen is responsi‐ ble for the rapid rise of the prevalence of atopic and allergic disorders, specifically food allergy. To overcome this tendency, the immunological mechanisms underly‐ ing this pathology should be better understood, which will undoubtedly impact the development of novel therapies. A large body of evidence demonstrates that immunotherapies constitute corrective treatments of the impaired regulation of the immune system in allergic patients. The aim of this chapter is to present an overview about allergic diseases and food allergies, mechanisms involved, differences with toxic reactions and food intoleran‐ ces, a brief description of the main milk allergenic proteins, and the new therapeu‐ tic strategies derived from the old immunotherapies to restore oral tolerance, and finally, to describe different pathologies associated with milk allergy.
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